vacuum

văcŭus, a, um, adj. [vaco], empty, void, free, clear, devoid of, without something (freq. and class.; cf. inanis.)

I.

In gen.

A.

Lit., in material sense.

(α).

Absol.:

spatium vacuum,

Lucr. 1, 523; cf. id. 1, 394; 1, 509:

vacua castra,

Caes. B. G. 7, 45:

perque domos Ditis vacuas et inania regna,

Verg. A. 6, 269:

atria,

id. ib. 7, 379;

2, 528: porticus,

id. ib. 2, 761:

videntur Aëra per vacuum ferri,

id. G. 3, 109:

Acerrae,

unpeopled, id. ib. 2, 225:

Cumae,

Juv. 3, 2:

Ulubrae,

id. 10, 102:

agri,

Verg. G. 2, 54:

aurae,

id. A. 12, 592:

caelum,

id. ib. 5, 515:

oppida, Auct. B. Afr. 9: aliquam partem aedium vacuam facere,

Liv. 39, 14, 2:

aër,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 34:

theatrum,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 130:

aula,

id. C. 4, 14, 36:

tabellae,

Quint. 10, 3, 32:

numerus peditum in vicem prolapsorum equitum vacuos capientium ad pugnam equos,

Liv. 44, 26, 3:

lectus,

Prop. 2, 2, 1: Ov. M. 11, 471:

per vacuum locum inruperunt,

Liv. 25, 3, 18:

manus,

Quint. 11, 2, 42:

ossa vacuis exsucta medullis,

Juv. 8, 90: si vacuo ventre mulier fuit, not pregnant (opp. plenus), Dig. 29, 2, 84:

vultus,

without eyes, Sen. Oedip. 1012.—

(β).

With abl.:

nihil igni vacuum videri potest,

Cic. Univ. 4:

gladium vaginā vacuum in urbe non vidimus,

id. Marcell. 6, 17:

moenia defensoribus,

Liv. 42, 63, 6:

viae occursu hominum,

id. 5, 41, 5:

cultoribus agri,

Ov. M. 7, 653:

ense ebur,

id. ib. 4, 148:

arvum arboribus,

Col. 3, 11, 3:

loca fetu in vite,

id. 3, 10, 5:

pectus velamine,

Stat. Th. 1, 593.—

(γ).

With ab and abl.:

Messana ab his rebus...vacua ac nuda est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 2, § 3:

oppidum vacuum ab defensoribus,

without, Caes. B. G. 2, 12:

pars Galliae ab exercitu,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

vacuum ab hostibus mare,

Liv. 37, 13, 6.—

(δ).

With gen. (rare; mostly poet. ):

ager aridus et frugum vacuus,

Sall. J. 90, 1:

Romana urbs annonae,

Mamert. Grat. Act. ad Julian. 14.—

b.

Subst.: vă-cŭum, i, n., an empty space, an open or vacant place, a void, vacuity:

vacuum minus intus habere,

Lucr. 1, 367:

in vacuum poterunt se extendere rami,

Verg. G. 2, 287:

ne per vacuum incurreret hostis,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 37:

libera per vacuum posui vestigia princeps,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 21.—

B.

Transf., free from, clear, devoid of, without.

(α).

With abl.:

animus per somnum sensibus et curis vacuus,

Cic. Div. 2, 11, 27:

molestiis,

id. Fam. 4, 4, 2:

cupiditate et timore,

id. Fin. 2, 10, 30:

consilium periculo,

id. Att. 10, 16, 2:

cum vacui curis etiam quid in caelo fiat scire avemus,

id. Fin. 2, 14, 46:

vacui negotiis vivere possimus,

id. ib. 4, 5, 12:

his rebus mens vacua,

id. Tusc. 3, 4, 9:

vacuus duellis Janus,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 8:

crimine nox vacua est,

Ov. F. 4, 581:

ille metu vacuus,

id. M. 3, 582:

nullum tempus sterile et vacuum beneficio,

Plin. Pan. 56, 2:

aemulatione,

Tac. A. 12, 2:

curā domesticā vacuus,

id. H. 1, 88:

tali culpā,

id. A. 6, 16:

tributo,

id. ib. 12, 61:

vacuam laboribus egi vitam,

Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 9.—

(β).

With ab and abl.:

Mamertini soli vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestiā, munere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23:

a securibus et tributis,

Tac. A. 12, 34; 12, 61:

hora nulla vacua a furto, a scelere, crudelitate, flagitio reperietur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 34:

nullus dies ab exercitationibus oratoriis,

id. Brut. 90, 309:

animus a talibus factis vacuus et integer,

id. Inv. 2, 7, 24:

cum ab omni molestiā vacuus esses,

id. Fam. 11, 16, 1:

domus a suspitione religionis vacua atque pura,

id. Har. Resp. 6, 11:

ab odio, amicitiā, irā atque misericordiā,

Sall. C. 51, 1:

a culpa,

id. ib. 14, 4: censores vacui ab operum locandorun;

curā,

Liv. 24, 18, 1.—

(γ).

With gen.:

vacuas caedis habete manus,

Ov. A. A. 1, 642:

operum vacuus,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 119:

vacuas habuissem criminis umbras,

Ov. M. 6, 541:

composuit ad Caesarem litteras, quasi confecto bello verbis magnificas, rerum vacuas,

Tac. A. 15, 8.—

(δ).

With dat. of that for which room or a vacancy exists or is made:

Aruns Tarquinius et Tullia minor, prope continuatis funeribus cum domos vacuas novo matrimonio fecissent, junguntur,

Liv. 1, 46, 9:

necato filio vacuam domum scelestis nuptiis fecisse,

Sall. C. 15, 2:

quanto molimine circumspectemus vacuam Romanis vatibus aedem (Apollinis),

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 94.— Subst.: văcŭum, i, n., leisure:

aliquid invenire vacui,

Quint. 10, 6, 1.—

II.

In partic. (cf. vaco, II.).

A.

Free from labor or occupation, without business, at leisure, clear, disengaged, unoccupied, idle:

quoniam vacui sumus, dicam,

Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 13:

si es animo vacuo, expone nobis quod quaerimus... hunc elegimus diem, cum te sciremus esse vacuum,

id. Brut. 5, 20:

animus vacuus ac solutus,

id. Verr. 1, 9, 26:

aures vacuae atque eruditae,

Quint. 10, 1, 32:

aures,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 26; Ov. M. 4, 41; 12, 56:

pedibus vacuis terere Porticum,

id. A. A. 1, 491:

si quid vacui sub umbrā Lusimus,

Hor. C. 1, 32, 1:

cetera, quae vacuas tenuissent carmine mentes,

Verg. G. 3, 3:

ne vacuum esse me nunc ad narrandum credas,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 23:

ut animum vacuum ad res difficiles scribendas afferam,

Cic. Att. 12, 38, 3:

cum per tot menses vacuā civitate nemo controversiam fecerit,

Liv. 3, 40, 10.— Sup.:

nec rursus jubeo, dum sit vacuissima quaeras,

Ov. P. 3, 1, 141.— Poet., transf., of places in which to lounge or enjoy leisure, quiet, peaceful, undisturbed, etc.:

Tibur,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 45:

Athenae,

id. ib. 2, 2, 81:

tonsoris in umbrā,

id. ib. 1, 7, 50 (cf.:

otiosa Neapolis,

id. Epod. 5, 43 ).—Rarely of persons, free from care, calm, composed:

Rutilius animo vacuus,

i. e. careless, without apprehension, Sall. J. 52, 6:

haud animi vacuus,

quiet, Stat. Th. 5, 644:

cantamus vacui, sive quid urimur,

Hor. C. 1, 6, 19; so of one free from love, id. ib. 1, 5, 10.—Of female animals, not bearing young:

equa,

Col. 6, 37, 10.— Impers.: vacuum est, with inf., there is leisure, time, Sall. H. 1, 10; Tac. H. 2, 28.—

B.

Of time, free, vacant, disengaged, leisure:

etiam si spatium ad dicendum nostro commodo vacuosque dies habuissemus,

Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 56:

cum vacui temporis nihil haberem,

id. Att. 2, 23, 1:

vacuam noctem operi dedere,

Liv. 3, 28, 7:

tempora,

Col. 12, 4, 1; cf. Luc. 3, 26.—

C.

Of women, free, unmarried, single:

ubi mulier vacua fuit,

Tac. A. 13, 44: vacuis indicere nuptias, Pseudo - Quint. Decl. 376:

Hersilia,

i. e. widowed, Ov. M. 14, 831.—

D.

Of possessions, free, vacant, without an occupant or master:

vacuam possessionem regni sperans,

Caes. B. C. 3, 112:

prudentiae doctrinaeque possessio... quasi caduca atque vacua,

Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 122:

centuria, id. Tull. § 17: sese praedia vacua filio traditurum,

id. Rosc. Am. 9, 26:

vacuam rempublicam tradere Hannibali,

Liv. 23, 2, 7:

ut impetus fiat in vacuam rempublicam,

Sall. C. 52, 23:

sacerdotia ut vacua contulit in alios,

Tac. A. 6, 40; cf.:

Syriam provinciam vacuam tum morte Atilii Rufi,

id. Agr. 40:

vacua Armenia,

without a ruler, id. A. 12, 50:

bona,

Dig. 38, 9, 1, § 12:

possessio,

ib. 41, 3, 4, § 22; Gai Inst. 4, 131.— Subst.: văcŭum, i, n.:

si quis casus puerum egerit Orco, In vacuum venias,

into the vacant property, Hor. S. 2, 5, 50:

ut in vacuum lege praeditoriā venalis pependerit,

Suet. Claud. 9; cf. Quint. 12, 9, 8.—

E.

Without value, worthless, useless, empty, vain, unprofitable, = vanus (rare;

not anteAug.): si respublica et senatus et populus vacua nomina sunt,

Tac. H. 1, 30:

rem,

Petr. 102:

vacua et inanis productio verbi,

Gell. 11, 15, 6:

tollens vacuum plus nimio Gloria verticem,

her empty head, Hor. C. 1, 18, 15:

pecunia,

unused, unproductive, Dig. 19, 5, 24; cf. ib. 16, 3, 28.